Tuesday, June 5, 2012

On Studying the Humanities: What Does it Mean to Be Human?

It's a given. Every time I tell someone that I'm an Assistant Professor in the Department of Humanities at Waldorf College, they ask "So what do you teach?"

Most of the time, the questioner wants to know the practical answer: I teach Writing, Literature, Philosophy, Religion, and German. But occasionally people want an answer to a deeper question: What is (or are) the humanities?

The humanities include the stories people tell, the art and music they make, the buildings they live and work in... and the list could go on. It's about finding answers to this question: What does being human mean?

First some etymology. The word humanity comes to English from the Latin humanitas, which first shows up with the writer Cicero. He used it to describe good people, that is to say "civilized" human beings. It entered English usage in the 14th century.

The main definition of the singular form -- humanity -- refers to being "humane" and is synonymous with civilized and well-educated. Humane people recognize and practice concepts like "hospitality" and "justice" even if precise definitions might vary in different times and places. The word also refers to a collective -- the human race.

Used in the plural -- humanities -- it usually becomes "the humanities" or a field of study within university settings, a group of "subjects" scholars study, discuss and debate including history, music, art, languages, philosophy, religion, and literature. The humanities have been part of the curriculum since the very beginning of universities.

Makes perfect sense, right, this definition of the subject I teach? No? Perhaps if I say a bit more.

When we study the humanities we study people, only not psychologically or biologically (although those fields do come into it from time to time). Mainly we're learning about how people in earlier ages or faraway places created the world they lived in, and how the world they lived in made them the people they were. And while studying the many different subjects contained with the humanities, we inevitably end up learning about more than simply past or distant cultures. We end up learning how we create the world we live in now, and how the world we live in makes us the kind of people we are.

The humanities are at the core of a Liberal Arts education because they are about understanding how people are active creators of culture, not just passive recipients of tradition. We choose to do many things with our lives -- career, spirituality, music, art -- and those choices shape who we become.

The longer I go on and on about the humanities, and trust me, I can go on and on, the more often someone says this: That's all very nice, but what can students do with a BA in the humanities after graduating?

Parents and students have legitimate practical concerns. Will graduates get jobs with decent incomes? Will they be happy and successful? Will they ever move out of their parents' basement and into a place of their own?

Here is my standard answer: With degrees in the humanities, students can head in just about any direction, from law to business to politics to parenting and homemaking. As students analyze the various artifacts presented to them in history, literature or religion classes, they learn how to think critically, solve problems, and see issues from a variety of perspectives. Plus, they learn how to speak and write with conviction. Ninety percent of employers list those skills as the ones they look for in future employees.

So it's hard to come up with a career or vocation in which those skills aren't important; building a career after studying the humanities depends more on a student's ambition than on anything else, something that is true for anybody heading into the world of work. What do students want to do? College degrees and career offices can help, but students have to create a tangible path that turns their dreams into their success.

Looking past questions about earning potential, however, the windows on the human experience opened by the humanities reveal many different kinds of people and ways of thinking about life, the universe and everything. I think they teach us how to be humane -- how to be good people -- wherever we live and whatever we do.

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China to US embassy: Stop telling people how bad the air is in Beijing.

Air quality in Beijing is notorious for being 'crazy bad.' The US Embassy in Beijing started tweeting air quality reports, but now China says it's unfair to judge it by international standards.

By Peter Ford,?Staff writer / June 5, 2012

A cleaner wears a face mask as she works in front of the giant portrait of former Chinese chairman Mao Zedong at Beijing's Tiananmen Gate on June 5. The Chinese government today warned the US Embassy in Beijing to stop telling the world how bad the air quality really is.

David Gray/Reuters

Enlarge

The Chinese government today warned the US Embassy in Beijing to stop telling the world just how bad the capital?s air really is.

Skip to next paragraph Peter Ford

Beijing Bureau Chief

Peter Ford is The Christian Science Monitor?s Beijing Bureau Chief. He covers news and features throughout China and also makes reporting trips to Japan and the Korean peninsula.

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For the past three years or so, the embassy has Tweeted the hourly readings from a pollution monitor on its roof, providing the only real time indicator of what we are breathing here.

Deputy Environment Minister Wu Xiaoqing, however, told reporters today that this was a violation of the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations. Only the Chinese government is allowed to measure and publish air quality information, he said.

The trouble with that is that I am not the only person in Beijing who has sometimes found it hard to reconcile the soupy grey fog that I often see outside my window with the Beijing Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center?s insistence that pollution is ?light.?

The US embassy spokesman was unavailable to comment on Mr. Wu?s admonition, but @BeijingAir, its Twitter feed, was still posting at 6 p.m.; it found the air to be ?Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups.?

That is a definition taken from the US EPA, and Wu said it was not fair to judge Chinese air by American standards, which are stricter than Chinese ones, because of ?our current stage of development.?

This is not the first time the US Twitter feed has got into trouble. On Nov. 19, 2010, when the Air Quality Index soared above 500 ? the top of the US scale ? the reading was described in a tweet as ?crazy bad.?

The term appeared to have been inserted into the monitoring program by a programmer who never expected such an outlandishly high reading: Anything over 300 ?would trigger a health warning of emergency conditions? in America, according to an EPA website.

Nowadays, readings over 500 (20 times higher than World Health Organization guidelines) are described simply as ?beyond index.?

The Beijing municipality website publishes its own hourly readings of PM 2.5 tiny particulate matter, regarded as especially dangerous, but only 24 hours after the fact. It also publishes an average figure for air quality over the previous 24 hours, but does not characterize it as good, bad, or hazardous.

Wu?s warning to the US embassy will doubtless re-focus public attention on the real quality of Beijing?s air, which cannot be good for the authorities. What?s odd is that for the past few early summer days here the air has mostly been clear, and even gloriously sharp on one or two evenings.

If the embassy Twitter feed dies, we shall just have to go back to trusting our eyes and our noses. Just because we cannot put a scientific figure to it, doesn?t mean we don?t know what we are breathing.

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Debt Management : Non-Profit Debt Consolidation Companies ...

Posted by on June 5, 2012

A non-profit debt consolidation company will assist people who need help at a low payment. Get financial counseling from a non-profit debt consolidation company withhelp from a business analyst in this free video on financial planning and debt management. Expert: Terry Kuykendall Bio: Terry Kuykendall is currently a budget analyst for the military in Washington. She is an accountant who has worked at firms helping people deal with personal and business debt. Filmmaker: stephen kuykendall

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Look at the spam in my myspace inbox ? it?s for mortgages and debt consolidation. Either spammers are dumb, or they?re also seeing the trend of an older audience in myspace.

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Advantages Of Video Marketing On The Internet : Online Business ...

Author : Johnathon F Black

Video marketing on the internet has become a sensational method of advertising various items and services. Intelligent business owners from small, medium, to large company have been very active on the activity of recording online videos and posting them to social media or to their own web sites merely because they are powerful.

Listed here are some of the benefits of video marketing on the internet.

This type of advertising and marketing technique encourages consumers more quickly and more effortlessly than pure words. Because visual factors present in online videos are much more enticing to individuals, they draw in more attention; and attention indicates potential customers or markets. Clients are much more thrilled in watching something, be it a presentation on how a material is put to use or an online video demonstration on a company?s history, rather than reading something. Video clips have this powerful appeal and persuasion abilities. They engage their users better and provide them more desirable quality experience.

Additionally, online videos train people a lot quicker and more efficiently. Folks? level of comprehension is a lot higher when viewing video clips compared to reading texts. No wonder Youtube has more than two billion visitors daily.

Whenever you make use of online videos to promote or advertise your products or services, your business web page will gain a page one ranking at a higher speed than when you use plain texts alone. Search engines like Google, Yahoo, etc. could easily generate Search Engine Optimization results a couple of hours, or even minutes shortly after uploading. This is a quicker alternative since many pages are ranked many weeks after posting. At times it could even take a month or so.

Video advertising and marketing on the internet is incredibly affordable compared to other promotion and marketing solutions. Most of the time, it won?t cost you any. All you have to have is a basic gizmo like an iPhone camera or a typical electronic video camera; and without spending a single cent, you could shoot a video presentation inside your garage or even in your personal room. Simply do a few and smart arrangements and those spots could be converted into an instant and cost-free video recording shop.

The videos you use to promote your products or services would stay posted on your page for a long span of time. As long as it is successfully optimized, your video presentations can stay; and the longer they stay, there would also be a lot more opportunities of getting in touch with your target customer. As opposed to television commercials, which are also truly expensive, they do not remain very long, except if you opt to spend extra cash which is not really recommended.

Video clips could generate the desired psychological reaction to their customers; and what is that type of response? It is the want or the enthusiasm to buy. This is in fact the primary factor of productive marketing strategies. When folks do not emotionally respond to what you are providing then do not expect them to buy. Plain texts could likewise elicit this sort of effect but once more, it is not as compelling as with videos.

Jonathan F. Black is a seasoned writer on a wide variety of topics including video marketing on the internet and SEO.

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Monday, June 4, 2012

NFL wins arbitration ruling in bounty case

NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell responds to a question during a news conference where he and Chicago Mayor Rahm Emanuel recognized Soldier Field as the only NFL stadium to become a LEED-certified green building, Thursday, May 31 2012, in Chicago. (AP Photo/Charles Rex Arbogast)

NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell responds to a question during a news conference where he and Chicago Mayor Rahm Emanuel recognized Soldier Field as the only NFL stadium to become a LEED-certified green building, Thursday, May 31 2012, in Chicago. (AP Photo/Charles Rex Arbogast)

NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell speaks at a news conference following an owners meeting Tuesday, May 22, 2012, in Atlanta. (AP Photo/David Goldman)

FILE - In this Oct. 28, 2009 file photo, NFL Players Association executive director DeMaurice Smith, right, NFL commissioner Roger Goodell sit at the witness table on Capitol Hill in Washington. The NFL Players Association has filed a complaint Wednesday, May 23, 2012, in federal court accusing the league of colluding to impose a secret salary cap during the uncapped 2010 season. (AP Photo/Charles Dharapak, File)

FILE - This July 28, 2011 file photo shows New Orleans Saints linebacker Jonathan Vilma answering questions during a news conference at the NFL football team's training facility in Metairie, La. With suspensions already handed out and lawsuits filed in the New Orleans Saints' bounty program case, NFL owners will meet in Atlanta on Tuesday, May 22, 2012. Player safety will be a major issue at this meeting, where Commissioner Roger Goodell is certain to be asked about Jonathan Vilma's defamation lawsuit against him. Goodell's authority for administering discipline is being challenged by the players' union, Vilma and three other players suspended for their roles in the bounty system. (AP Photo/Bill Haber, File)

Cleveland Browns linebacker Scott Fujita walks off the field after NFL football practice at the team's headquarters in Berea, Ohio Tuesday, May 22, 2012. (AP Photo/Mark Duncan)

(AP) ? An arbitrator ruled Monday that NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell has the authority to discipline New Orleans Saints players for their role in a bounty system.

The NFL Players Association challenged Goodell's power to impose penalties for what the league says was a three-year bounty program that targeted specific players. Stephen Burbank, a University of Pennsylvania law professor, took only five days to determine that Goodell has the power to punish the players under the collective bargaining agreement reached last August to end the lockout.

Goodell suspended Saints linebacker Jonathan Vilma for the entire 2012 season and teammate Will Smith for four games. Former Saints defensive end Anthony Hargrove, now with Green Bay, was suspended for eight games, while linebacker Scott Fujita, now with Cleveland, was docked three games.

Those players have appealed the suspensions. And the players' union said Monday it expects to appeal Burbank's decision because it believes salary cap violations are involved in the payment. That would give Burbank the authority to rule on penalizing any players involved.

Burbank did, however, retain temporary jurisdiction on Hargrove's role and asked Goodell for more information on Hargrove's "alleged participation."

Burbank "invited the commissioner to clarify the precise basis for his discipline of Mr. Hargrove who, among other things, was found to have lied to the league's investigators and obstructed their investigation," the NFL said in a statement.

The union said in a statement it "believes that the players are entitled to neutral arbitration of these issues under the CBA and will continue to fight for that principle and to protect the fair due process rights of all players." The NFLPA noted Burbank wrote that "nothing in this opinion is intended to convey a view about the underlying facts or the appropriateness of the discipline imposed."

The union filed another grievance with a different arbitrator, Shyam Das, contending the new CBA prohibits Goodell from punishing players for any conduct before the CBA was signed. The league's investigation showed the bounty program ran from 2009-11.

Das has yet to rule on that grievance, which also seeks to have player appeals heard by Art Shell and Ted Cottrell, who are jointly appointed by the league and union to review discipline handed out for on-field conduct.

The league and union have spent plenty of time before arbitrators and judges this offseason, with two other major cases pending.

Vilma has sued Goodell for defamation in a U.S. District Court in New Orleans and Goodell has been given until July 5 to respond to the action.

The players also have sued the league in U.S. District Court in Minnesota, saying the owners colluded in the uncapped 2010 season to have a secret salary cap. NFLPA executive director DeMaurice Smith has said such collusion could have cost players $1 billion in wages.

That lawsuit stems, in part, from the NFL stripping the Washington Redskins and Dallas Cowboys of salary cap room in 2012 and '13. The Redskins had their cap reduced $36 million over the two years and the Cowboys lost $10 million in cap space.

Both teams filed a grievance and lost.

Associated Press

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The New Normal? (talking-points-memo)

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Sunday, June 3, 2012

Aftermarket replacement Rims and Tires Help Your Car Or Vehicle ...

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Edwards' mistress Rielle Hunter publishing memoir

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Wallflowers of the Earth system

ScienceDaily (June 3, 2012) ? In cities, the presence of algae, lichens, and mosses is not considered desirable and they are often removed from roofs and walls. It is, however, totally unfair to consider these cryptogamic covers, as the flat growths are referred to in scientific terms, just a nuisance. Scientists at the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry have discovered that these mostly inconspicuous looking growths take up huge amounts of atmospheric carbon dioxide and nitrogen and fix it at Earth's surface.

Cryptogamic covers are responsible for about half of the naturally occurring nitrogen fixation on land and they take up as much carbon dioxide as is released yearly from biomass burning. These new findings will help to improve global flux calculations and climate models, in which up to now the carbon and nitrogen balance of the cryptogamic covers have been neglected.

The roles that forests and oceans play in the climate and in the global exchange of oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen have been documented in numerous scientific studies. The importance of algae that grow on land, lichens, and mosses for the nitrogen and carbon fluxes and also for the carbon dioxide balance is normally not taken into consideration. This even though cryptogamic covers including the blue green algae (cyanobacteria) cover approximately 30% of soil surface that includes the surfaces of plants. Life forms that get their energy through photosynthesis, but don't flower, belong to the cryptogams. They are found in all ecosystems, not just on roofs, trees, or walls. Cryptogamic covers, which consist of some of the oldest life forms on our Planet, are also found on cliffs and in soils in dry regions.

"Actually, we wanted to know which compounds the cryptogamic covers emit into the air," said Wolfgang Elbert, who initiated the research at the Max Planck Institute of Chemistry. "We found that there are a lot of studies about the ecological role of these life forms, but their contribution to the global nitrogen and carbon balance has been neglected until now." To get at the importance of the cryptogamic covers, the chemists analysed the data from hundreds of studies in cooperation with biologists and geologists. Their finding: Algae, mosses, and lichens take up approximately 14 billion tons of carbon dioxide and fix approximately 50 million tons of nitrogen per year.

The magnitude of these numbers surprised the Mainz researchers and their colleagues at the University of Kaiserslautern and the Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre in Frankfurt because the cryptogamic covers take up about as much carbon dioxide as is annually released by the burning of forests and other biomass.

Especially amazing is the amount of nitrogen that is fixed by the cryptogams and that is thereby made available in the soil and to other organisms. "This represents half of the naturally fixed nitrogen on land, which is of particular importance for ecosystems because nitrogen is often the limiting nutrient. Also, the uptake of CO2 by plants is often limited by the availability of nitrogen," explained Ulrich P?schl, leader of the research group.

The results support that crytpogamic covers are an important nitrogen source especially in nutrient-poor ecosystems and dry regions and that they promote the fertility and stability of ground surfaces.

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, via AlphaGalileo.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.


Journal Reference:

  1. Wolfgang Elbert, Bettina Weber, Susannah Burrows, J?rg Steinkamp, Burkhard B?del, Meinrat O. Andreae and Ulrich P?schl. Contribution of cryptogamic covers to the global cycles of carbon and nitrogen. Nature Geoscience, June 3rd 2012 DOI: 10.1038/NGEO1486

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

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Saturday, June 2, 2012

Some Info Why You Need A Registry Cleaner ? Bermudaviper ...

Is your computer running slower than it should? Do you find yourself experiencing freezes or crashes? Do you experience blue screens of death, and have to reboot from the hard drive? Before you experience some disaster, it may only a matter of time. Don?t deal with a disaster scenario. It might be better to buy a registry cleaner able to correct lots of errors that are contributing to the serious problems you are living. On this site?http://www.registrycleanersreviewed.com/registry-booster-review.html you will have more ideas about registry booster 2012.

Such problems are quite serious. Once you will experience a given terrible crash, you may find out you just lost forever all the content of your hard drive. Would you really want to deal with such a proverbial nightmare scenario? No, you don?t want to. This is why it is important to use a registry cleaner to find out the common problems and address them as soon as possible. This web site?http://www.pctechguide.com/registry-cleaner-reviews has lots of info about the best registry cleaner, and this one http://www.registrycleanersreviewed.com/windows7/ about the best registry cleaner for windows 7.

To answer questions regarding whether or not you need a registry cleaner will often hinge on the common problems you are experiencing with the operation of the computer. Whenever you see some serious problems happening with your PC?s operation: you should run right now a registry cleaner. Doing so could reverse the serious problems and do so within a relatively short period of time. Thus a registry cleaner will find out automatically those problems in the system registry, then it will launch the right process to reverse the problems. The ability to run such a program is automated which means errors will be located and corrected without the fear of deleting the wrong files. The program will do that for you. This makes it safe to use and time efficient as well.

With those automated tools, you can prevent the crashes we just talked about from happening. You can also prevent similar problems. So to answer the basic question if you need or not a registry cleaner, you need to know how your PC is functioning right now. Take a few minutes. Look how well your PC system is working and if you can improve anything. If you are experiencing serious operational problems or if the computer appears to be working in manner that is out of the ordinary, then you probably will want the registry cleaned. It is not at all tough to take the steps to clean the registry the moment you have the right cleaning tool on your PC. With such a great application, you will be confident your system registry will be repaired in the right way.

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Atomic Energy of Canada Limited Hiring Human Resources Business

Job Title : Human Resources Business Partner
Company : Atomic Energy of Canada Limited
City : Chalk River
State : Ontario
Country : CA
Location : Chalk River, ON
Date : 2012-06-01 12:07:56
latitude : 46.016483
longitude : -77.44505
Status Active
Job key 72cb2576d4b345b5


Published at June 1, 2012. Is now Atomic Energy of Canada Limited at the moment lease Human Resources Business Partner. The position based from the state Chalk River, ON territory of Ontario ON.

Also the situation of the job is Active. So besure to learn the job information below and go on come to the APPLY THE JOB button to go forward further.

The summary of job description of Human Resources Business Partner :


Human Resources Business Partner Job information provided by Atomic Energy of Canada Limited. If you can quick apply this job you only click the Apply the job button at the bottom of this information.
Duties Reporting directly to the Manager, HR Services you will develop business partnerships by managing a portfolio of clients and be the primary point of contact for all human resources issues in areas such as employee relations, recruitment, compensation, benefits/pensions, training, organizational development and performance management. Key responsibilities include the following: Develop...

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Activists: Gunmen kill 11 state workers in Syria

BEIRUT (AP) ? Gunmen killed 11 workers at a state-owned fertilizer factory in a volatile central Syrian province, activists said Friday, the second execution-style shooting reported in Syria in less than a week.

The shooting near the town of Qusair in Homs province occurred Thursday as the workers were on their way to their jobs in a bus that came under fire, said the Britain-based Syrian Observatory for Human Rights.

A pro-government Facebook page, the Homs News Network, posted photos of 11 men on the floor of what appeared to be a classroom. It blamed the rebel Free Syrian Army, saying the workers were killed for being state employees. The opposition blamed the government.

Syria has grown increasingly chaotic in recent months, possibly spiraling toward civil war, making it difficult to determine responsibility for much of the bloodshed. The government restricts journalists from moving freely, making it nearly impossible to independently verify accounts from either side.

On Thursday, 13 bound corpses, many apparently shot execution-style, were found in the eastern province of Deir el-Zour near the Iraqi border. The men were believed to be workers for an oil company. It was unclear who killed them.

The uprising against President Bashar Assad's regime began in March last year with largely peaceful protests calling for reform. A fierce government crackdown prompted many in the opposition take up arms, transforming the conflict into an insurgency.

The U.N. said in March that more than 9,000 people have been killed during the crisis. Activists put the toll far higher, saying 13,000 have died.

Homs province, where there is significant support for the opposition, has suffered waves of deadly violence. More than 100 people were killed there during a massacre in a cluster of villages known as Houla on Friday and early Saturday. Many of the dead were women and children who were gunned down inside their homes.

The massacre brought immediate worldwide condemnation. The regime and anti-government activists have blamed each other.

On Thursday, Syria claimed up to 800 rebel fighters carried out the Houla massacre, giving its most comprehensive explanation to date of the bloodshed.

The government's narrative starkly contradicted accounts of witnesses who blamed "shabiha," the shadowy gunmen who operate on behalf of Assad's regime. The U.N. also said it had strong suspicions those pro-regime gunmen were responsible for much of the carnage in Houla.

Even if the "shabiha" gunmen were responsible for Houla, however, there was no clear evidence that the regime directly ordered the massacre.

The opposition has called for protests after Friday midday prayers to commemorate the victims of Houla massacre. The government also is noting the killing, calling for special prayers for the victims in mosques across the country.

European countries want the U.N.'s top human rights body to propose a war crimes probe into the Houla killing. Diplomats from the 27-nation European Union are calling for an emergency meeting of the U.N. Human Rights Council to pass a resolution that is stronger than a draft tabled by Qatar, Turkey and the United States.

The current text says "those responsible for serious violations of human rights must be held accountable."

Three EU officials said the resolution should instead include a call for the U.N. Security Council to consider referring the massacre in Houla to the International Criminal Court. They spoke on condition of anonymity because of the sensitivity of the negotiations.

The 47-nation rights council cannot refer cases to the ICC directly.

In another development, a previously unknown Syrian rebel group said it is holding 11 Lebanese Shiite pilgrims kidnapped on May 22 after crossing into Syria from Turkey on their way to Lebanon.

The group calling itself Syrian Rebels in Aleppo said in a statement obtained by Al-Jazeera TV that the hostages are in good health.

The statement included photographs said to be of the hostages and their passports. Al-Jazeera, which aired the photos Thursday night, did not say how it obtained the material. Its authenticity could not be independently verified.

The group claimed five hostages were members of the militant Lebanese Hezbollah group and demanded its leader, Sheik Hassan Nasrallah, apologize for saying last week the kidnapping would not change his group's pro-Assad stance.

It said negotiations for release of the hostages could begin after Nasrallah apologizes.

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Friday, June 1, 2012

ECB, EU officials warn euro's survival at risk

BRUSSELS (Reuters) - The European Central Bank stepped up pressure on Thursday for a joint guarantee on bank deposits across the euro zone, saying Europe needed new tools to fight bank runs as the bloc's debt crisis drives investors to flee risk.

The European Commission's top economic official, Olli Rehn, warned that the single currency area could disintegrate without stronger crisis-fighting mechanisms and tough fiscal discipline.

The twin warnings came as worries about Spain's banks and Greece's survival in the euro area pushed the euro to a two-year low against the dollar and hastened a rush into safe-haven assets such as Austrian and French bonds, whose 10-year yields hit a euro-era low.

Spaniards alarmed by the dire state of their banks moved money abroad in March at a faster rate than at any time since records began in 1990, official figures showed.

The 66.2 billion euros ($82.0 billion) net capital flight occurred before the nationalization of Spain's fourth biggest lender, Bankia, in May due to massive losses from a burst property bubble.

The head of the International Monetary Fund met Spain's deputy prime minister on Thursday and later denied a media report that the IMF was considering contingency plans for a Spanish bailout.

"There is no such plan. We have not received any request to that effect and we are not doing any work in relation to any financial support," IMF Managing Director Christine Lagarde said in a statement after the talks.

Irish voters seemed set to approve in a referendum a European budget discipline treaty vital to continue receiving EU aid. But the outcome of a second Greek general election on June 17, seen as crucial for Athens' future in the currency zone, is too close to call.

Surveys published on Friday showed Greece's pro-bailout New Democracy party with a lead of more than two points over the SYRIZA leftists.

ECB President Mario Draghi urged Europe's leaders to clarify their vision for the single currency quickly, warning the European Parliament that the central bank could not fill the policy vacuum.

"We will avoid bank runs from solvent banks. Depositors' money will be protected if we build this European guaranteed deposit fund. This will assure that depositors will be protected," Draghi said, calling for an EU-wide banking supervision and resolution system.

EU paymaster Germany, reluctant to risk more of its own taxpayers' money in support of euro zone partners, has so far rejected any such joint deposit guarantee.

Chancellor Angela Merkel refrained from comment on calls for a banking union but said Europe should be ready to consider all options to stem its sovereign debt crisis.

"There are integration steps which will require treaty changes. We are not at that stage today but nevertheless there are no taboos," she told a news conference in the Baltic town of Stralsund.

Another top ECB official, executive board member Joerg Asmussen, said in Frankfurt that the 25 or so most important banks in the euro area should be supervised by a supranational watchdog rather than just national authorities.

Draghi, testifying before EU lawmakers, said the financial crisis had "heightened risk aversion in a dramatic way.

"I urge all governments to keep this in mind, because it is better to err by too much in the very beginning rather than by too little," he said, citing the repeated failure of national regulators to correctly assess the needs of failed Franco-Belgian bank Dexia and Spain's Bankia.

EDIFICE AT RISK

Another ECB policymaker, Bank of Italy governor Ignazio Visco, went further, saying political inertia and bad economic decisions had put "the entire European edifice" at risk and only a clear path to political union could save the euro.

"There are now growing doubts among international investors about governments' cohesion in guiding the reform of European governance and even their ability to ensure the survival of the single currency," Visco told the Bank of Italy's annual meeting.

Global investors retreated sharply from equities in May and held more cash than at any stage since the crisis erupted in early 2010, Reuters' asset allocation polls showed.

EU Economic and Monetary Affairs Commissioner Rehn, speaking at a Brussels conference, said Europe needed both tighter budget discipline and more integrated rescue funds to avert a potential breakup of the euro.

"We need a genuine stability culture and a much upgraded common capacity to contain common contagion," he said. "This is the case, at least if we want to avoid a disintegration of the euro zone and instead make the euro succeed."

The dramatic tone of EU and ECB officials raises pressure on Germany to drop its opposition to bolder rescue measures ahead of a June 28-29 summit that could be a turning point in the euro zone crisis.

In another sign of pre-summit tension, France's new Socialist government is refusing to back Germany's candidate for the influential role of chairman of euro zone finance ministers amid differences with Berlin over joint euro zone bonds and bank recapitalization.

The European Commission, the bloc's executive, called on Wednesday for closer economic union and said its elements should include a banking union, joint financial supervision and bank deposit guarantees.

But a Commission spokesman said on Thursday there was no chance that euro zone banks could be directly recapitalized using the bloc's permanent bailout fund as it stands.

BETTING ON SPANISH BAILOUT

Spanish 10-year bond yields traded at 6.66 percent, close to euro era highs, due to market expectations that Spain may need international help to keep its troubled banks afloat - a prospect flatly rejected by Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy.

"The levels are definitely worrying. Spain is reaching zones where it is harder and harder to finance itself in the capital market," said Viola Julien, fixed income analyst at Helaba Landesbank Hesse-Thueringen.

The uncertainty over Spain, the euro zone's fourth biggest economy, is making it harder for other member states to overcome their own debt problems, despite rigorous austerity programmes and structural reforms.

Italian Prime Minister Mario Monti said his country was threatened by "huge possibilities" of contagion, and pressure from rising sovereign bond yields could complicate reforms.

"It is obviously a difficult place to be in, when you have a country displaying massive and concentrated efforts of consolidation and structural reforms, which are obviously politically and socially costly, and sees its position threatened by huge possibilities of contagion," he said.

He warned of a popular backlash if investors demanded deeper fiscal cuts and budget discipline beyond what was already being undertaken.

(Additional reporting by John O'Donnell and Robin Emmott in Brussels, Richard Hubbard and Marius Zaharia in London, Andreas Rinke in Stralsund, Andrew Osborn in Athens, Padraic Halpin in Dublin and Gavin Jones in Rome. Writing by Paul Taylor, editing by Mike Peacock)

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Hospitality Careers | Indonesia 24 Jam

In the tourism corporation there are many rewarding career prospects. The one person who oversees all of a propertys lodging operations is more often than not called a general manager. At larger hotels, one general manager supervises a staff of assistant managers of a few departments including office administration, housekeeping, purchasing, security, personnel, marketing and sales, maintenance, food and beverage, and guest recreation and relations. At a casino, the gaming operations might be a major division, and may even drive the business game plan for the entire brand name.

A successful lodging manager has to be a ?jack of all trades.? Lodging managers need wide-ranging responsibilities for the operation and profitability of the property. They may hire and train staff, and set schedules. Most importantly, a good general manager need to have experience and training within every facet of the resorts operations, from operating the coffee shop to knowing how to contract the linen service to running the web-based reservations system.

in many establishments, front office managers are accountable for the resorts guests and might oversee reservations and room assignments, and hire and train the resorts front desk staff. Convention services managers oversee meetings, conventions, and special events. marketing directors and public relations directors are accountable for meeting occupancy goals and coordinating the advertising and promotion of the property. Managers may work together with information technology specialists to ensure that the resorts pc systems, Internet, and communications networks are making value. Food and beverage managers supervise the hotels bar and catering activities.

Hows the Pay?

Earnings of lodging managers vary according to their location, responsibilities, and the segment of the travel corporation in which they work. According to a recent score by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Division of Occupational Employment Statistics, the median annual earnings of lodging managers is $42,320. The middle fifty percent earn between $31,870 and $58,380. The lowest ten percent earn less than $25,120 and the greatest ten percent earn greater than $82,510. For highly qualified individuals working within the upper echelons of the industry, the compensation can be significant.

Training and Advancement

While prior experience working inside the hospitality industry always helps, establishment trainees for larger hotels might need a bachelors or masters degree, preferably inside travel or hotel establishment. Most large, full-service chains more often than not look for candidates who have a bachelors degree within hotel, business, or tourism management. At smaller properties, particularly those together with fewer services, the pay might be lower but employers consider applicants together with an associate degree or certificate in hotel, restaurant, or tourism organization.

The Job Outlook

According to the U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics (USBLS) Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2010-2011 Edition, employment growth can be around five percent a year and the employment market may be competitive. The government expects that vacancy seekers holding a college degree inside hotel or tourism organization can have better opportunities, especially at luxury and upscale hotels, cruise ships, and hotels. Shifts towards hotels along with limited personal service might result inside fewer opportunities for middle managers. fine consumer service skills and experience inside the hospitality industry, within addition to a school degree, are resources to any job seeker.

Train for a Rewarding Career in tourism

To find career studies opportunities, log onto a reputable college directory web site and request free information from schools and career colleges together with hospitality programs. Compare three or four programs, check out financial aid opportunities, and get a feel for their vacancy placement services. If you find a college that you like, schedule a campus visit or apply online.

If you are ready to move into an inspiring new career within hospitality, together with the right education you could have a bright destiny!

Hospitality Jobs / Hospitality Careers

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Jobless rate now a leading political indicator

David Axelrod, a strategist for President Obama, addresses a crowd in front of the Statehouse in Boston Thursday, May 31, 2012. Axelrod addressed the crowd during the event, criticizing former Mass. Gov. and Republican Presidential candidate Mitt Romney's record as governor of the state. (AP Photo/Steven Senne)

David Axelrod, a strategist for President Obama, addresses a crowd in front of the Statehouse in Boston Thursday, May 31, 2012. Axelrod addressed the crowd during the event, criticizing former Mass. Gov. and Republican Presidential candidate Mitt Romney's record as governor of the state. (AP Photo/Steven Senne)

Republican presidential candidate, former Massachusetts Gov. Mitt Romney holds a news conference outside the Solyndra manufacturing facility, Thursday, May 31, 2012, in Fremont, Calif. (AP Photo/Mary Altaffer)

(AP) ? Every four weeks between now and November, a single number issued from a spare, windowless room in the heart of the federal bureaucracy will set the battle lines for the presidential election.

The nation's monthly jobless rate ? disclosed by the Bureau of Labor Statistics the first Friday of every month ? is this year's dominant economic barometer. It's a baseline from which to gauge the political fortunes of President Barack Obama and Republican rival Mitt Romney in an election that rides on the pace of a post-recession recovery.

Friday's number will be the first since Mitt Romney clinched the Republican presidential nomination. It also comes as Obama heads for Minnesota to push his proposal to expand job opportunities for veterans and to raise money for his campaign. In the meantime, the world anxiously awaits the impact of the European debt crisis, which could stall the recovery in the U.S.

Economists were expecting the report to show that employers added 158,000 jobs but that the unemployment rate did not change from April's 8.1 percent. No president since the Great Depression has sought re-election with unemployment as high as that, and past incumbents have lost when the unemployment rate was on the rise.

Romney wants this presidential election to be a referendum on Obama's 3 1/2 years in office. Obama wants it to be a choice between two distinct visions for the country.

The economy is central to each candidate's argument. While imprecise and a typically lagging indicator of economic performance, the unemployment number is nevertheless an undeniable marker of the human cost of a weak economy.

Obama is counting on an unemployment trajectory that has fallen from a high of 10 percent in October 2009 to 8.1 percent last month. The president likes to point to the 3.8 million jobs created since he became president, though 12.5 million remain unemployed. He highlights the resurgence of the auto industry following government bailouts of Chrysler and General Motors. And his campaign has mounted a step-by-step assault on Romney's economic record, from his days as a venture capitalist to his tenure as Massachusetts governor from 2003-2007.

"The imperative for an incumbent president is to define the race as a choice," said Matt Bennett of the centrist-Democratic group Third Way. "Part of doing that is to define yourself. Equally important, you have to define the other side so as to avoid it becoming a referendum on the president."

Romney, now freed from his primary contests, has aimed heavily at Obama's economic policies, arguing that they have slowed the recovery, not aided it. The Republican has emphasized his background in private business to argue that he's qualified to lead a nation in economic turmoil.

Political stunts by each campaign on Thursday illustrated how they intend to frame the election around economic themes.

In Boston, Obama's top campaign adviser, David Axelrod, staged a news conference to attack Romney's economic record during his governorship. Romney, Axelrod said, presided over a period marked by slow job growth, higher debt and more fees.

Romney, pressing his case against Obama, traveled to Freemont, Calif., to draw attention to the shuttered offices of a solar energy company that went bankrupt after receiving government loans though Obama's 2009 economic stimulus program.

On Friday, the Obama campaign released a new online video featuring several of Romney's former Republican political foes, including Rick Santorum and Newt Gingrich, criticizing Romney's economic record.

The campaign also said it would hold a series of conference calls with reporters to discuss Romney's "failure to fulfill the economic promises he made" when he was running for governor of Massachusetts.

For its part, the Romney campaign on Friday released a new television ad promising "a better day" and declaring that a Romney presidency would focus from the start on the economy and the deficit, unleash U.S. energy resources, and stand up to China on trade. "President Romney's leadership puts jobs first," the ad states.

Obama could face the highest unemployment rate on Election Day of any president since Franklin Delano Roosevelt. But his aides argue that the trend line is more important than the actual number. Jimmy Carter lost his re-election bid in 1980 to Ronald Reagan as unemployment climbed from 6 percent to 7.5 percent. George H.W. Bush lost to Bill Clinton in 1992 as unemployment rose from 6.9 percent to 7.6 percent.

But while Reagan faced an unemployment rate of 7.4 percent in October 1984, the rate had been dropping since the spring of 1983. He went on to win re-election.

Obama has few policy moves that would help his own trend line, and the European crisis is out of his control. That makes Obama's effort to frame the election a choice between him and Romney the only viable strategy.

Obama can find some solace in unemployment rates that have dropped sharply in several swing states. But those numbers can be deceiving and an employed voter is not necessarily an Obama voter.

A May Associated Press-GfK poll showed that 52 percent of those surveyed disapproved of Obama's handling of the economy while 46 percent approved.

Some Republicans note that even though employers might be hiring, many workers have had to settle for less.

"They are gainfully employed, but they are not happy," said Wes Anderson, a Republican pollster who has conducted surveys in several swing states. "They don't like the job they're in and they're making less money."

And that, Republicans say, makes these voters a prime target for Romney.

___

Obama campaign video:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sB7vuo2piak

Associated Press

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